Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essays

Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essays Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essay Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essay Fixed costs are costs that the business have to pay that dont change over a short period of time. As the product sale or service increases the costs stay the same. The same amount is paid regardless of the level of production. Fixed costs can include: the rent charge, electricity bills, gas bills, telephone bills, advertising costs or insurance prices. Variable Costs Variable costs are costs that they business have to pay but it is possible that they will change as the output increases. Variable costs can include: raw materials, delivery costs or packaging costs. Break-Even: Businesses should aim to break even to ensure they are going to survive in the future. Break-even is where the business doesnt make enough sales to make a profit but they make enough sales to avoid making a loss. The point of break-even is shown on a graph that businesses produce to see how well they are doing financially. The below diagram shows a break-even chart. bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/finance/profitabilityrev2.shtml To calculate break-even: Break-even point = fixed costs (unit selling price variable costs) The calculation of break-even tells you how many units of a product you will need to sell in order to break-even. Budgets A budget is like a plan that businesses make. They plan it on their predictions of what they think is going to happen for them in future months / years and is a estimate of expected income and expense for a a certain period in time. It gives the business an idea of their financial situation and helps them to track their money. Name It Ltd use budgets for several reasons, these reasons include: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Name It Ltd will have enough money to buy in enough supplies for their sales because they wouldve been tracking their money income and outcome. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Suppliers give discounts when a business pay them on time, having a budget will allow Name It Ltd to be able to afford to pay straight away. Paying on time also helps Name It Ltd to avoid paying interest, getting a bad credit rating and possible bankruptcy. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ They will be able to save money for the use of retained profit if they have a bad month. They will also be able to save money for contingencies. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ They will have enough money to make investments if that is what they need to do. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Budgeting will also help Name It Ltd to expand and develop their business in the future. What control / budget does Name It Ltd need to do? Name It Ltd need to control and budget their spending. They need to keep a track off all money that is going out of the business. These expenses could include staff wages, rent for their offices or other buildings, and raw materials. They also need to keep a track of any of their income, for example sales made. Name It Ltd also need to take into account any money they will have coming in or going out of the business in future months. They need to set themselves a maximum amount of money to spend each month so they dont run into debt. Variance Calculations Variance calculations are the difference between the budget a business had set and what actually happened in practice. Name It Ltd have variances in their budgets. I will give some examples. Name It Ltd put a budget on their raw materials as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½34,600 however they ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½42,000 on their raw materials for 2010. This gives them the variance of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7,400 which shows that the business did not stick to their budget as they exceeded it. They put a budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,300 on their electricity but actually ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 in 2010 this means their variance was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½700 which also shows that Name It Ltd has not stuck to their budget, this means they could face possible bankruptcy. Name It Ltd put a budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 on their rent for 2010, they ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 which meets their budget without going over it. This is what the business should be aiming for in order to control their costs and reduce the risk of their business failing.

Work and Employee Relations in the call centre Essay

Work and Employee Relations in the call centre - Essay Example Employees working in call centres have to get used to the system which is highly monitored and constantly under surveillance by supervisors because of the computer technology integrated into telephone use. Notably, call centres exhibit certain characteristics of Fordist organization/ Taylorist organization. The article addresses the different theoretical perspectives governing call centres and goes further to describe a study carried out in a bid to establish the opinions of call centre employees regarding the type of organization and work related tasks. It emerges that, the employees face the pressure of conforming to the highly computerized inbound and outbound telephone services while bearing with the constant surveillance by the management. This is the reason why employees have been described as participating in emotional labour (Taylor and Bain 1999, p. 101). A Fordist system of organization denotes an organizational structure that relies on technology for increased productivity as well as ensuring the availability of a great market for the standardized products produced by the system. This means that employees rely on the use of technology to perform one task perfectly. Employees in a Fordist organization usually perform one task all year round and there is increased labour division within the organization. A superior level of hierarchical control does exist in Fordist organizations, ensuring that each worker in the production line focuses on an individual task. A clear example of a Fordist organization is the call centre described in the article. As the authors describe, a high level of productivity is evident because of the integration of VDU technologies and telephone services. Moreover, employees stick to production lines performing a single task while utilizing all the available technology to register specialized performance (Taylo r and Bain 1999, p. 102). The fact that a Fordist organization registers a high level of productivity and yields quality

Groups and organizations promoting racial equality Essay

Groups and organizations promoting racial equality - Essay Example However, efforts made by numerous players gradually allowed the incorporation of the Native Americans into the civilized American society. Over the years, federal legislations and other amendments have allowed the establishment of greater racial equality for the Native Americans and other minority groups. By doing so, the government institutions have been successful in implementing equal rights for all citizens of America. While many historical texts have been produced from a White perspective, the Native Indian perspective has rarely been produced until recently. The revived interpretation has allowed the world to vie Native Americans as being oppressed individuals who have been enslaved in their own home land while the invaders and colonialists have formed an imperialist government over them. The perspective of viewing the Native Indian as a â€Å"good man† was the result of various historical products including films. The civil rights movements allowed the Native Americans to raise their voices for their own rights as equal citizens of America. Native Americans have experienced America from a time of colonial rule to civil rights as US citizens. Although the Native Americans still inhabited the same land, the fact that there were cultural differences between them and the White Americans could not be ignored. The first question which the reformers faced was about incorporating the highly distinct Native Americans in the American society thereby forming a national identity rather than a horde of uncivilized people. Attempts to assimilate the Native Indians as part of the American society involved recruiting young Native American boys into boarding schools so as to enable them to gradually lose out their native cultural essence and adopt an American way of living (Flavin, 4). US history saw a series of laws, rules, regulations, tribal laws, treaties, and other jurisdictions. The United States Constitution as well as the Trade and Intercourse Act regulate d any economic activity carried out with Native Indian tribes and granted power to the President along with the Senate to make agreements with the tribes (Stancel, n.pag.). By the end of the French-Indian War, the Constitution was adopted and this brought the Indian tribes under the government’s rule. Three departments were set up including Northern, Southern, and Middle, each being headed by a commissioner whose duty was to maintain harmonious terms with the Indians (Cohen & Ickes et al., 9). This was also done so as to discourage the local Indians to participate in the revolt against the Whites. Passed in 1887, the Dawes Act or the Allotment Act gave the President the power to break the reservation land which was being held by tribal members (‘Dawes Act†, n.pag.). According to the law, land which had not been allotted to Native Americans would have to be sold to the government which would then be opened for farming. However, this resulted in Native Americans bei ng dispossessed of their lands. Apparently, the law was meant to provide greater property rights to the Native Indians however many Native Indians saw a reduction in their land holdings. Further laws limited their rights and economic dealings by giving more power to the President and Senate to regulate treaties with tribal Indians. The Indian Bill of Rights also

Veronica Aunsionwu Essay Example for Free

Veronica Aunsionwu Essay Veronica Aunsionwu, founder of The Lord’s Word on Healing Ministry and author of several books on overcoming infertility, would like to announce the creation of her newest website, Beautifulandpregnanant. com. This website promotes her new books, Woman, You Are Not Infertile, volumes one and two. These books give practical advice from the Word of God about difficulties becoming pregnant, and what one can do to overcome these difficulties through trust and prayer. Ms. Aunsionwu feels called by God to share what she has learned through years of study and self-experience regarding problems in reproduction and the miracles God can bring to people who will believe in Him and call on His name for a child of their own. In addition to the announcement of the two new books by Ms. Aunsionwu, there is also an announcement of a five-part e-course that can be ordered for free from beautifulandpregnant. com. This course will go over the basics of the two new books, and it will give all those who are interested a glimpse of the information that Ms. Aunsionwu has so carefully complied for those who so desperately desire a child of their own. Beautifulandpregnant. com is full of excerpts from the two new books, and it also offers pertinent Bible verses and stories of success to inspire and encourage all visitors to the site. As both volumes of Woman, You Are Not Infertile are e-books, they can be bought and downloaded from beautifulandpregnant. com in mere minutes. If one does choose to download the volumes, there is a special offer of four dollars off when both are purchased together, and there are two free gifts available as well. These free e-books will help with naming your baby and feeling your best during pregnancy. There is a 60-day guarantee with purchase, and the free gifts are yours to keep. Come, let Ms. Aunsionwu’s interpretation of God’s Word encourage and strengthen you on your quest to bear a child. Beautifulandpregnant. com is well worth your visit!

The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will

The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will be examined with respect to color Flannery O’Conner – Color Connotations The anecdotes A Good Man is Hard to Find and The Comforts of Home will be examined with respect to color connotation and imagery. This essay will discuss how colors affect the reader’s abstract senses and emotions. Colors are also used to suggest the nature of the piece and characters within. Various cultures perceive colors differently which could change a reader’s perspective. A Good Man is Hard to Find is told from the grandmother’s point of view. The first significant color is describing her son’s wife. â€Å"†¦ a young woman is slacks, whose face was as broad and innocent as a cabbage and was tied around with a green head-kerchief that had two points on top like rabbit’s ears.† The use of this color is ambiguous. It could be construed as either positive or negative. The positive is that it may be suggesting the woman’s youth, fertility and vigor. The negative connotation is the grandmother’s jealousy and envy towards her youthfulness. There is apparent animosity between the two. When the grandmother suggests visiting Tennessee â€Å"The children’s mother didn’t seem to hear her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The grandmother never speaks directly to the mother. She repeatedly refers to the woman’s attire with a definite manner of superiority. â€Å"[The next day] the children’s mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with small white dots in the print. Her collars and cuffs with white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had... ...the color yellow appears. â€Å"[The dog] opened one yellow eye, took him in, and closed it again.† This indicates and Thomas’s cowardice and avarice. He is greedy because he wants his house and mother’s attention. Violence shortly ensues. Black is related to Sarah twice; although there is only one reference to black regarding Thomas. Thrice were both characters correlated with red, demonstrating they mutually played a role in the death of the mother. Colors are in effect word-pictures which work by a method of association. Images and emotions are created when readers make connotations of colors within the text. In United States of America, white is a representation of purity, peace, cleanliness, innocence and marriage; however, in China, white is symbolic of mourning and death. Universally, blue has the fewest negative connotations across various cultures.

José Cuervo Tequila Essay

Expansion to foreign markets is one of the ways in which companies increase their revenues. This expansion is normally preceded by analysis of that market and coming up with strategies to be used. The commonly used business strategy formulation method is SWOT analysis. Business strategies are aimed at improving a company’s competitive position or business unit within an industry or segment. Business strategies can be cooperative or competitive (Wheelen, 2003). Competitive strategies largely focus on costs and differentiation. The various strategies that can be adopted to achieve competitive edge include cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, or differentiation focus Jose Cuervo Tequila entry strategies This product is manufactured in the Mexican city of Tequila. This tequila is made from agave plant found in Mexico. Tequila is a premium brand targeted at the premium beverage market segment. Before introducing the product to the market, the main factors to consider are marketing, supply of the product and investment as well as control measures e. g. nter the market by acquisition, joint venture etc (Wheelen, 2003). Given the fact that Jose Cuervo Company is a family owned business, the company may not have the resources to counter competitors in an advanced market like the USA. Therefore the company can grant license rights to other companies to manufacture market and distribute the product. In this way, the company can penetrate the market without investing substantial amounts of resources (Diageo Inc, 2009) Jose Cuevo tequila is a premium brand and therefore differentiation focus is the other strategy that the company can use. This type of differentiation focuses on a particular group, segment or geographical market. Since the company makes premium brand tequila, differentiation focus strategy is another possible option that the company can adopt Exporting is the other market entry strategy that the company can adopt to enter the USA market. This strategy will require lower investment although to create awareness about the product, the company has to invest substantial resources on marketing Control and Evaluation. This is the monitoring of corporate activities and performance results so that actual performance can be compared with the desired results. It typically involves determining what to measure, establishing standards of performance, measuring actual performance, comparison of actual performance with standards and taking corrective actions (Wheelen, 2003) Evaluation of the company’s strategies and operations can be done using performance measures such as return on investment, earnings per share, balanced scorecard, benchmarking etc. In this way, the company can be able to tell whether it is performing as expected. The company can evaluate the performance of its target market by using the above measures Controls instituted by the company should be in line with its strategies so as to avoid conflicts that may hinder achievement of objectives. Controls should depict true picture by monitoring important events, being timely, short and long term. Therefore the controls set by the company should not affect its quest to penetrate the market (Wheelen, 2003). Contingency plan In charting new territories e. g. a foreign market, the company should be able to take the necessary measures to ensure business continuity in case of uncertainties. This can be done through the development of a contingency plan. The first step is by identifying potential threats e. g. economic slowdown, changes in laws etc. Coming up with solutions e. g. by diversification or scaling back operations to reduce costs is the next step of a contingency plan (Wheelen, 2003). Implementing the plan by instituting specific measures e. g. by investing in research to come up with new products and setting up a recovery team is the other step. The implemented plan should be tested and agreed upon by everybody in the company to ensure that it achieves the desired results The plan should be maintained by incorporating current conditions e. g. the company should include the current economic slowdown and its effects like lack of credit to the plan. This ensures that the plan is updated.

The Metemorphosis Essay - 1402 Words

The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis is a novel written by Kafka Franz and published in 1915. The story is about a travelling sales man by the name Samsa Gregor who wakes up to find himself transformed into an insect. The main characters include Gregor Samsa, Grete Samsa, Mr. Samsa, Mrs. Samsa and Samsa. The theme of change is conspicuous on the novel when Gregor Samsa wakes up to find himself transformed into an insect. The theme of economic effects on human relationships is also evident when we find that Gregor Samsa is a slave to his family because he is the breadwinner. Gregor also characterizes the theme of alienation when he is alienated from his family, body, humanity, and job. The themes of personal identity, family duty, and†¦show more content†¦When Gregor can no more provide for his family, Mr. Samsa is forced to work despite his old age (Franz 12). Mrs. Samsa is Gregor’s mother who is shocked by Gregor’s metamorphosis and she still wants to get into his room. This results into a conflict between her sympathy and maternal impulse and her fear of Gregor’s new state (Franz 12). The theme of personal identity is evident when Gregor realizes that he had ignored his personal needs and entirely worked for others (Cook 36). He now wants to rebuild his own identity. Unfortunately, he cannot escape from his family role and he continues to provide for them. He resents how his family teats him. He however manages to escape his duty when he realizes in the last chapter that his family had been neglecting him. His search for his identity bears no fruits as he is left hopeless. He realizes his humanity at the end when he remembers the love he had for his family through his sister’s playing. He concludes that this love and his freedom would enable establish his identity. The theme of alienation is also conspicuous in the play. Before the transformation, Gregor is alienated from his family, humanity, job, and body to the extent that he cannot notice the metamorphosis. He barely realizes when he loses his consideration for his family; this is because it seems to be alien to him. He has aShow MoreRelatedThe Most Influential Writers Of The Twentieth Century1806 Words   |  8 Pageshas been transformed into a large insect. Instead of figuring out what is wrong with him he tries to continue on with Weir 3 his daily life and adjust to his new body. All though he tries to make the best of his situation in the end he fails. (Metemorphosis Book ) Another famous short story written Kafka was the Hunger Artist. The story is about a man who as seen as the Hunger Artist. He goes from town to town with his manager to display himself in a locked cage fasting for forty days. Through time