Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity Essay

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity - Essay Example From the essay "Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin and his Crimes against Humanity", it is clear that the theme of perfect loyalty is one of the integral themes perpetuated through all his crimes. In 1924, only 25% of the Russian population was located in cities, the rest of the country lived in agriculture villages. Stalin realized that the power was in the hands of those who owned the land. Power meant financial gain. He set out a plan to manipulate the people in believing that he was their new god by replacing the Orthodox Church. He also demanded perfect loyalty from the kulack in the Centralization plan. When Lenin came to power in 1917, he offered territory to the peasants (kulak). It was Stalin's plan to take back the territory and rid them of all power. There are three things that bound each family: faith, the Tsar and the fatherland. Ridding each family of these three icons and creating new images would give Stalin ultimate power. Stalin banned religion, replaced icons with photos of himself. He had to change the outlook of the fatherland. He understood the power of the media. Every time he made a speech, he had it recorded on a vinyl record. He made sure each village had a gramophone and received records of each of his speeches. Villagers were impregnated with Stalin. He became their faith and their Tsar. In 1924 Russia was a poor country with an abundance of natural resources. These resources could be exchanged for technology and other goods which would assist Russia in becoming an industrialized country. Within three years of power, Stalin initiated his 5 year plan: A peasant society to a World Power. Historian John Brent from Harvard University (Man 2008) and Historian Mark Kramer from Yale University (Stalin 2007) explain the reasons backing centralization. Technology was expensive. One way to pay for it was to centralize the agricultural fields of Russia and use the goods as an export commodity. "Centralization was an answer to the Bolshevik revolution and the chaos that followed. It was rationalized that it was the only way to meet the economic and structural needs of the economy". (Gouldner 1978) The last reasoning behind centralization was the simple fact

Monday, October 28, 2019

Pathway to Becoming an Engineer Essay Example for Free

Pathway to Becoming an Engineer Essay Engineering is both a discipline and a profession that mostly deals with the application of technical and scientific knowledge by the specially trained engineers. It involves the utilization of natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems and processes which are aimed at realizing desired objectives in accordance with a specified criteria. These engineers apply scientific knowledge gained from such fields like mathematics and physics in order to find solutions to problems The engineering profession is among the few highly prestigious professions in the United States and as parents responded to a survey they said that they would like their children to enroll in such a profession. This being a fact it is important for those aspiring to be engineers to have some knowledge about the main requirements necessary for one to enroll for an engineering course. It is a necessity for the aspirant to have a good foundation in the science based subjects in high school as these act as prerequisite for good performance in the engineering courses. This includes such subjects like Mathematics, Biology,Physics,Chemistry, Mechanics and computer knowledge. The students should also have good knowledge in English and the Social Sciences since they also form part of the program in the university. Apart from being good in the class work more is also expected to have some character traits From a study done by Ross Harrison (1955) mechanical engineers were found to be emotionally stable without any neurotic symptoms, goal oriented, serious minded, energetic while advocating for direct action when faced with problems. Other character traits found in the mechanical engineers was that they were straight forward people who rarely show analytical interest in other people. They also avoid introspection and self examination as revealed by the study. In addition they are expected to be trustworthy, honest, and maintain high levels of integrity(Carbajal 2006). From these studies learners should seek to develop these traits although it is not such a requirement. Pre-college activities There exists some program which students preparing to join engineering courses at the university can participate in. Most of these programs are organized by universities and are called Summer Programs. One such program that students can participate in is the Summer Undergraduate Program in Engineering Research at Berkeley (SUPERB). It is an eight weeks program that prepares students before they enroll for their studies and gives them an opportunity to participate in the area of interest. Another internship program that high school students can enroll in is the Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program which is sponsored by the office of Naval Research and offered annually. There are many summer programs related to engineering studies but they take the already registered students during the summers. Main branches of Engineering. Engineering is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub disciplines all of which do concentrate on different areas of engineering work. Over history the major renown branches of engineering are; Aerospace (dealing with aircraft and spacecraft),Chemical(dealing with conversion of raw materials in to usable commodities),Civil(deals with design and construction of private and public works like bridges building), Electrical engineering which deals with design of electrical systems, Mechanical Engineering which deals with design of physical or mechanical systems, Computer Engineering dealing with design of software and hardware integration. With advancement in technology new fields are coming up. Such fields include Software Engineering, Molecular Engineering, Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering. Top engineering colleges in the U. S According to the ranking done by Graduates Hotline 2006 the best universities in engineering were ranked as, Massachusetts Institute of Technology being the best followed by Stanford University then third placed was University of California-Berkeley. The others were California institute Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, Cornell, Carnegie Mellon and University of Texas at Austin in that order of the top ten institutions. How to find engineering colleges There are about 1,830 programs at colleges and universities that offer bachelors in engineering and in order for one to locate the best he/she should consider whether they are accredited by the Accredition Board For Technology(ABET). The student should investigate the curriculum and check accreditions carefully before selecting a college. This because programs may have the same name but vary in terms of the content to be covered. Enrollment into engineering There has been an increase in enrollment for graduate students in science and engineering fields in the U. S. Full time enrollment increased by 16% in the year 2006 to reach a peak of 343,603 students and this comprised of both foreign and U. S. Citizens(Oliver 2007). This increase was in all engineering subfields except for civil, agricultural and computer sciences. Typical first year engineering class. Different institutions have different first year programs for their engineering students. But in majority of the institutions students spend most of their first year while studying mathematics(Calculus,Algebra,Geometry) and basic sciences like Physics, Biology and Chemistry It is called the first year engineering transition program which helps students to upgrade their Grade Point Average and improve their academic standing. It also helps the students to prepare adequately for the subsequent years of study. The typical first year class is usually divided into two semesters with specified courses of study for each semester. These are the winter semester and the summer semester. The bachelors program is designed to last four years but mostly students find themselves taking up to five years to complete their degree programs. Importance of internships for students. The internships usually offered during the summer periods provide valuable experiences for the students. This because they provide first hand perspectives of a career and as such begin to realize the value of their courses. Through internships students develop essential skills that are required on the job. Again they create opportunities through which students understand what is expected of them in the industry. They also explore their career in order to apply their skills and talents which rhyme with their interests. Internship periods have also been know to be transformative since during such times the students meet and overcome many challenges that come their way. This increases their confidence and drive to learn to achieve. Licensure All states in the U. S require licensure of all engineers who offer their services directly to the public. Those who manage to get the license must be in possession of a degree from an accredited institution in addition to four years of relevant experience. They are also expected to sit and pass a state exam. After getting the license they are then referred as professional engineers. Salaries and employment for engineers The earnings for engineers vary depending on speciality ones level of education and the industry one works in. In the federal government the mean annual salaries for engineers in the year 2007 ranged from $75,144 in Agricultural engineering to $107,546. when all other groups of employees are considered it is the engineering group that earns the highest average starting salary. In the same year engineers held about 1. 5 million jobs in the U. S. Out of these jobs 37% was in the manufacturing industries while 28% was in the professional sector. As regards the federal state employment it employed 12% of all the engineers while 3% took consultancy as a form of self employment. One thing that is important for practicing engineers is for them to continue upgrading their education throughout their careers. This is because employers will attach more value to highly trained engineers as opposed to those who are not highly educated. Again promotion in this profession is closely associated with the level of education and as such the highly educated ones end up getting promoted easily. As mentioned earlier engineers play a very significant role in the society since they provide solutions to most of the problems that the society face. Therefore we can not under emphasize the role they play in the society as they apply scientific knowledge in meeting the societys need. They are viewed as very important people in the society and thus they should maintain the integrity in serving the society in line with the professional code of conduct. Works Cited Carbajal,C. and Ezequiel Chavez(2006). Trustworthiness and Integrity: Cardinal Virtues for Engineers. 10th October 2008http://www. cse. fau. edu/carbajal. pdf Engineering Disciplines. 10th October 2008http://www. careercornerstone. org/engineering/agdisc. htm Harrison, Ross. Profile of a Mechanical Engineer III Personality. 10th October 2008http://www3.interscience. wiley. com/journal Occupational Hand Book,2008-09. Bureau of labor Statistics, U. S Department of Labor. 10th October 2008http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos027. htm Oliver, Julia. Engineering Increases In 2006. 10th October 2008http://www. nsf. gov/statistics/inbrief/nsf08302/ Stephanie, Lambert. Internships: Many Perspectives Unlimited Benefits. 10th October 2008http://www. becpdx. org/pdf/sao/ Types of Engineers. 10th October 2008http://www. madison. k12. wi. ustypes. htm http://www. graduateshotline. com/ranks/

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Solar System Essay -- essays research papers

The Solar System By â€Å"Delete this text and type your name here.† Introduction As far as we know, there are nine planets locked in orbit around the Sun. Only one, our own Earth, supports life. But there are countless other suns throughout countless galaxies scattered across the expanse of the universe. We still don’t know if life exists on another planet in some other galaxy. Mercury Named for the wing-footed messenger of the Roman gods, Mercury races around its orbit at a dizzying speed of 30 miles (48 kilometers) per second, making the Mercurial year only 88 Earth days long. In contrast, one rotation around its axis—or a single day—takes almost 59 Earth days. Geology Mariner 10 gave us a wealth of information about Mercury when it approached the planet in 1974 and 1975. Because Mercury has no water and barely any atmosphere, no erosion has taken place on its surface. We see Mercury much the way it was soon after it formed. Core We learned that Mercury has an extremely weak magnetic field, which could indicate a hot metallic core, such as molten iron. Geologists think Mercury may be the most iron-rich planet in the solar system. Crust Mercury’s crust seems to be silicate, like that of Earth. Craters The planet’s surface, viewed for the first time via Mariner’s cameras, is covered by craters. The battering occurred during the early period of the solar system when clumps of material were ramming into each other to form the planets. Atmosphere Mercury doesn’t have what we think of as an atmosphere—that is, a gaseous envelope that produces clouds and weather or protects the surface of the planet from some of the harmful solar radiation. The weak magnetic field on Mercury captures only the barest perceptible trace of charged particles from the Sun. Venus Shrouded in the cloak of mystery, Venus, our nearest planetary neighbor, takes the name of the Roman goddess of love. For some unknown reason, Venus rotates on its axis in retrograde—that is, in the reverse direction of its revolution around the Sun. Geology Geologically, Venus appears to have some similarities to Earth. Its crust is probably granitic, overlying a basaltic mantle and a iron-nickel core. The geologic activity that we are familiar with on Earth seems not to exist on Venus, except for the presence two volcanoes along a fault line. ... ...p;  17 Uranus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19.18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  84 years  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 hours  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14.54  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 Neptune  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  god of the deep blue sea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.06  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  165 years  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 hours  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17.23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.88  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Pluto  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  god of the underworld  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  39.44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  248 years  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.4 days  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .002?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.12-0.30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 * AU = Astronomical Unit (Earth = 1) Conclusion We know more and more all the time about our own solar system. During the past 15 years, space probes such as the Mariner and Voyager missions have given us tremendous detail about all the planets in this system. Tiny by comparison to the Milky Way, our solar system is awesome, nevertheless, when considered in human scale.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Interprofessional Collaboration

Interprofessional communication and collaboration are a significant part of ensuring safe and effective patient outcomes. In the case detailed below the health care team failed to communicate and collaborate care of patient A, ultimately leading to a negative outcome. Patient A is a female white 38 year old G1P0 with Type I diabetes since the age of 9. Due to her high risk pregnancy and history of non compliance with medical therapy she had been coming in since 28 weeks gestation for twice weekly non stress tests. One Saturday as patient A was at the hospital for her non stress test she was found to have elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. Dr. A, an obstetrician (OB), who was on call for the weekend decided to send the patient home on bed rest and to follow up with her primary OB physician, Dr. B on Monday. At her follow up appointment with her primary OB, she was found to still have elevated blood pressures, blood sugars in 200's, 2+ protein in her urine and had some elevated blood work. Primary OB decided Patient A needed to be induced due to patient A’s unstable condition. Primary OB is not on call this particular Monday and asked Dr. C to induce her patient. Dr. C was not happy about inducing her because of her high risk status but agreed to do so. Dr. D, a laborist and pediatrician, wanted the patient transferred to a higher level of care facility because he felt due to patient A’s history best care for the newborn would be at another facility. Dr. D and Dr. C argued about patient A’s care and disposition at the nurses’ station which was in close proximity to patient A’s room. The nurses who were without a manager at the time were unable to control the altercation between Dr. C and Dr. D. Patient A who overheard the discussion eventually asked to be transfer to another hospital to seek care elsewhere. This paper highlights the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration that is missing in this case. As well, potential plans of action and potential outcomes are discussed. Plan to Address Conflict The major conflict in this situation was a lack of communication between providers regarding the best plan of care of the patient. In addition to the obstetrician, members of the interprofessional team should include the pediatrician, a nurse leader, and the patient. Legare et al (2011) describes a stepwise approach to interprofessional collaboration and the shared decision-making process. The members of the interprofessional team must start by exchanging information and options available related to the care of the patient. Next, the values of both the patient and the healthcare providers should be clarified and addressed. The feasibility of each option should be weighed. Often, certain options are not feasible based on resources or time. In this case, the skills and comfort of the healthcare team members needed to be considered. Once a decision is made, the information needs to be disseminated, including the plan of care and rationales for the decision made. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) is a useful tool in succinct and structured communication. (Boaro, Fancott, Baken, Velji, & Andreoli, 2010) To prevent future situations similar to this one, Standard Operating Procedures, or SOPs, should be developed and followed. These SOPs should address staff competency, scope of practice, role clarification, and the resources and limitations of the facility. The interprofessional team should develop these SOPs together to ensure they reflect the values of the involved disciplines. (Gardner, 2010) Additionally, resources are available to aid hospitals in developing a structure for interprofessional collaboration. A national interprofessional competency framework detailed by the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) provides an integrative approach to describe competencies required for the interprofessional collaboration to be effective. They are as follows: (1) interprofessional communication (2) patient/family centered care (3) role clarification (4) team functioning (5) collaborative leadership (6) interprofessional conflict resolution. (CIHC, 2010) CIHC suggests that having a competency framework because it helps the team make sense of the learning practice, it will differentiate matters by relevance, give the team members a chance to apply the learning to practical situations and then associate the learning elements by integrating them. CIHC, 2010) When this patient arrived to the unit, if the team had used the six suggested competencies providing best care for this mom and baby could have been achieved easier. Discussion of Outcomes The intent of interprofessional collaboration is one that will foster the safe practice of all health care professionals, and enables the achievement of better outcomes. Some outcomes needed for this particular situation would be as followed: 1. Shared decision making between all pr oviders involved. What is the best practice that can be provided for a safe outcome for mom and baby? Inducing the mom because it was best practice was made by the OB, but she didn't factor in safe practice for the pediatric doctor in this situation. 2. Demonstrate professional conduct during inter professional collaboration. Make sure if there are any discussions with team members, disagreements with the care that is being provided that it is not done where the patient can hear it. 3. That the interprofessional team can acknowledge the various skill levels of everyone involved. The pediatric hospitalist is this situation felt that the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, uncontrolled throughout the pregnancy put the baby at risk for having glucose controlled problems and felt that a higher level of care was needed because it was beyond his skills set. Interprofessional collaboration was necessary in this situation. No one discipline has all of the knowledge needed to provided complete patient-centered care. True interdisciplinary patient-centered care includes a partnership between health care professionals as well as the patient. This collaborative and coordinated approach improves patient outcomes and quality of care (Orchard, Curran, & Kabene, 2005). In this case, the interprofessional team failed to communicate effectively. This lack of communication and professional conduct led to a failure to recognize the skill levels of the team members, and prevented the team from making a shared decision that would benefit the patient. Conclusion In order for patient A to achieve a positive outcome several factors related to interprofessional collaboration needed to be addressed in this case. First, to improve collaboration and understanding, clear team roles of the health care providers should be defined. Scopes of practice as defined by standard operation procedures and discussions of available resources should be taken into account. In addition, distribution a consistent communication tool such as SBAR could be used. Had the healthcare providers involved with this case practiced as a team, positive outcomes such as: open communication, trust, professionalism and improved patient outcomes and experiences would have been achieved. References Boaro, N., Fancott, C., Baker, R., Velji, K., & Andreoli, A. (2010). Using SBAR to improve communication in interprofessional rehabilitation teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(1), 111-114. Gardner, D. (2010). Expanding scope of practice: Inter-professional collaboration or conflict? Nursing Economics 28(4), 264-266. Legare, F., Stacey, D., Pouliot, S., Gauvin, F. P., Desroches, S., Kryworuchko, J., †¦Graham, I. D. (2011). Interprofessionalism and shared decision-making in primary care: a stepwise approach towards a new model. Journal of Interprofessional Care 25, 18-25. Orchard, C.A., Curran, V., & Kabene, S. (2005). Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online. Retrieved from http://med-ed-online.net/index.php/meo/article/viewArticle/4387. Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative. ( 2010). A National Interprofessional Competency Framework. Retrieved from http://www.chic.ca/files/CIHC_IPCompetencies_Feb1210.pdf

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Kookai

The visual features which were found unacceptable or challenging to existing art conventions and social values were of many. During the 19th century, it was regarded improper for women to be alone with men who were not relatives, thus the concept of a nude female model working in an art studio was considered highly immoral.This was a time for revolution in art which related to science, a non-traditional European culture, the growing social concern for the common man and a woman's conservative self. Young artists found themselves rejected by art academies like the Paris Salon. From this conflict emerged Impressionism. Women were a frequent subject in Impressionist art and they were often depicted as objects of beauty, purity, and delicacy often in gardens, baths and home with children.Conceptual Framework Many new techniques and characteristics are found common In Impressionist art, this including; harsh strong lines, contrasted colors, sketch like paintings, broken color, subject mat ters exposed in broad areas of light, Chevron's color theory, eviction of light as color rather than tone, luminosity of color, Informal composition, rejected traditional techniques and Influenced by Japanese prints and photography.Frames Henry De Toulouse- Latter's ‘At the Million Rouge' has captivated an Immediate photo like artwork considering the Immediate and rapid capture of the movement and characteristic gestures of people. He has used lines to extenuate the movement of the characters, dramatic color contrasts to add atmosphere and a decorative quality to the composition. He has utilizes a deep emerald green and chrome orange- this further creating a strong contrast. Okay By Jennifer Many new techniques and characteristics are found common in Impressionist art, depiction of light as color rather than tone, luminosity of color, informal composition, rejected traditional techniques and influenced by Japanese prints and Henry De Toulouse- Latter's ‘At the Million Ro uge' has captivated an immediate photo like artwork considering the immediate and rapid capture of the movement

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Healthy Families Program Essays

The Healthy Families Program Essays The Healthy Families Program Essay The Healthy Families Program Essay An ideal life for the average person consists of great health, vivacity, overly full of love and care, and respectable people who create a support system throughout it. These elements are usually attributed with the foundation and roots at which a person is born. A family is expected to supply a life like this for children, but what happens when an ideal life is unpleasantly replaced with a nightmare, when parents are no longer parents but perpetrators, either consciously or unconsciously? Families can be (and should be) the most supportive unit in a child’s life, but when the reality is the opposite family abuse can be the most damaging to a person’s future. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and mental abuse are far too common in our world. Luckily there are programs designed to not only help the recovery for victims of these circumstances, but there are wonderful programs to attempt to prevent the actions from happening to begin with. La Frontera Arizona is an organization that has three smaller programs named Healthy Families, Pasos Adelantes, and Family Passages. The Healthy Families Program works with families who are at risk for child abuse and neglect, those suffering from a lot of stressors in their family. They specialize in categories preventing a harmful future for people all around the world. The Pasos Adelantes Program works with families whose children are enrolled in treatment. The last program Family Passages, works with families that are refugees newly resettled to Tucson. These programs target multiple types of populations, ages, and ethnicities. La Frontera Arizona is currently working with Russians, Africans, Bhutanese, Mexicans, and Iraqi’s. This diversity is inspiring to me because it exemplifies their dedication and passion to preventing this abuse. They do not center their attention on a certain group or type of people. They care so much about preventing these issues they extend their services to people from all over the world. After interviewing with Jeaninne Solomon I had many new insights into a topic beyond relevant in our society. She explained to me the angle that her program attempts to attackdiscontinuing a damaging future for children and families through means of preventing family distress. She xplained that most of her cases deal with entire families, not solely children, usually impoverished ones suffering in destitution. These families seem to have the most issues because their lives in poverty increase stressors in life. Jeaninne’s position in the programs is, to put it simply, the foundation and the backbone of the program. She manages all of the programs and the staff, writes grants, identifies new partners in the community, convenes collision meetings, writes reports, seeks funding, basically managing her program in the most professional and well run manor possible. She works at the community level, having first hand experience with the families she is involved with. Although Jeannine holds major responsibility, she has the aid of her co-workers without whom the program could not succeed. The Family Support Specialists (the people who work with the families directly) must learn the curriculum, plan and deliver lessons faithfully following the curriculum, find resources for families to use, collect evaluation information, and debrief their classes while simultaneously hoping to create relationship with the students peers. Their job is tactful and sensitive to the individuals and hugely important for the reason that they are relaying the information necessary for improvement. Another position, the supervisor. holds a very influential one. The supervisor’s job is to attend the meetings with the families that the program recommends they attend. They are the observers and reporters, the superiority, and the mentors. They provide a safe haven for the families and a reassurance that this program is right for them. These positions are crucial to the programs, obviously making the prerequisites mandatory. In order to obtain a career in these programs, the conditions to do so vary with each one. Each takes a certain type of training ranging quite differently. If interested in Jeaninne’s position one must have a Masters Degree and/or a Bachelor Degree. One thing that caught my attention however, was the level of experience one needed in order to become a Family Support Specialist. During my interview I learned that in order to do so one must have a minimum of a high school diploma. Although they do look and prefer people with Bachelors degree, it isn’t necessary. This was surprising to me, and to be quite honest, somewhat off-putting. I was so excited to learn about these programs because I think they stand for such a wonderful cause, however I would hope that the prerequisites were a bit more esteemed. After learning about these programs I developed a belief in them. I think these programs are some of the most important in the world, for they are shaping the future of our generations by providing help and guidance to those suffering. It left me with an uneasy feeling that someone who graduated high school, never has taken an upper level course, or read subject matter about these issues more complex than a senior year in high school, was eligible to counsel these families. Some of the children may be more educated than the Support Specialist, in which case, seems entirely incongruous. Not to sound arrogant by any means, however I think the importance of these jobs lies in the educating of the troubled, and I don’t understand how those who are not fully educated are able to do so. I think this may be where problems with the social care system for families like this come from. Programs like these are not funded adequately, when they should take priority over many other careers (i. e. professional sports). This isn’t a fun game for these families, this is the harshest reality they have to live through at the time, and without programs like these there would be zero chance of them ever stopping. I think it is important to have employees educated profoundly on these matters so there will be little room for error. Like any job, the employees have their favorite aspects and least favorite aspects they deal with. In the course of my interview I learned that some of the best moments the workers receive is when their outcomes are positive. This response seems obvious, for any company loves when their outcomes are positive, however in a field like this the reward is personal. When families are showing they are learning, using the tactics they were taught, and becoming creative in difficult situations rather than violent or neglectful, the workers of La Frontera can see it is a job well done. Their entire purpose is being served, and applied for a brighter future for the families they care about. One of the aspects I admired most about these programs were how humble and dedicated they were. I would naturally assume that their favorite part of their work would derive from the positive results of their families, however each time Jeannine mentioned the progress she would always mention her other favorite part- learning from the families herself, permitting her to improve the programs. This was truly admirable in my opinion. These programs not only pride themselves on their success rates, but are fully determined to improve themselves as well. The families are truly in good hands, for the people taking care of them genuinely care. It is of no wonder why their least favorite parts of the job include tedious paperwork, reoccurring no-shows of families, and working late evenings. Although these factors would be least enjoyable for most people, it was still motivating to me. These people dedicate their lives, late hours, and missed time with their families to help others. The tedious paper work must be done, and although no one wants to do it, they all do without complaints. I am certain that these commitments are what result in their success. La Frontera Arizona is an organization comprised of three inner programs, each different, yet effective. Healthy Families recently had a national site visit and the scores they received throughout Pima County were the highest scores ever reported on a site visit. Not only does this indicate the sustainability of these programs, but illustrates the value these families hold as well. They are following their recommended service plans, getting their children immunized, not being referred to Child Protective Services, and maintaining a healthier family dynamic. On a satisfaction survey, the number one being the lowest and number seven being the highest, Jeannine reported that her programs usually receive a 6. 5. These numbers are truly remarkable and confirm the productivity of these prevention programs. Pasos Adelante, does not specifically measure outcomes, for their purpose is designed for the parents to achieve their goal on the treatment plan. These accomplishments are measured differently, making the results more difficult to obtain. These results are exceptionally powerful, however do not come at an easy pace. There are models, strategies, and prevention principles, which these programs adamantly follow in order to succeed, as well as they do. Most of these programs are based on what Jeannine called, â€Å"Risk and Protective Factor Theory†. This theory is designed to access the level of risk and protective factors within families and after doing so, target the services to increase the protective factors in order to reduce the risk. They use evidence-based models, some based off Karol Kumpfer in Utah because it is the most highly evaluated program existing right now they apply toward two different programs. Another evidence-based curriculum goes by the name of Growing Great Kids. Among the other strategies is a comprehensive set of strategies dealing with five domains in prevention. Each of those five domains encompasses its own set of strategies: individual, peer, family, institutional, and community domain. The more services they provide in each of those regions the better the outcome. There is an emphasis on community just as much as family work, which creates a lively and active community, hopefully influencing each other for the greater good. These tactics were intriguing to me for the purpose they serve- to enhance the community in hopes of a ripple effect into the homes of the individual difficult family. After interviewing, observing, and learning about this career I have a world of insight into this career path. It is one of the most admirable, important, and life-changing careers I have learned about throughout my life. It is extremely commendable the work these people do, for the effort they put in does not show its worth in a salary. It is a low paying job (monetarily), but the reward these employees receives goes beyond a paycheck. This is a job pertaining to being a hero, and helping people altar their lives from a tragic one to a hopefully happy ending. These staff members work long hours with difficult situations, and yet remain completely faithful. This is the job of a social worker- to dedicate their lives to the savings of others. It may not take quite the prestigious resume to obtain a job in this field, but it does take a remarkable heart. This career choice is a selfless one, and should be more publicly recognized for its great doings. It should not be overlooked by the government, but rather applauded regularly. The funding for these projects is entirely too low and I can only hope that in the future of our generations more attention will paid to the teachers in our lives who literally mold and nurture our futures. The staff of these three particular programs within this organization has remained for the last 20 years, and after speaking with Jeannine she assured me that the dedication of these people is nothing close to short and she wouldn’t be surprised to see them still on board for the next 20 years. I hope for myself that I find a profession that I am just as passionate about as the people who work in this career field are. They are not just social workers they are heroes. They are role models, and friends. They are a support ystem and a new family for those whose at home life seems temporarily broken. Occupations like this are the hope for our society, nation, and world. La Frontera Arizona is an admirable organization that should receive proper recognition for its greatness, as well as the rest of prevention programs existing. We are the future of the world, and we cannot forget to pay attention to those that need a little bit more than us. We are all each others neighbors, and a s a human being we should help the next. For if we do, our world can only progress into wonderful, marvelous things.

Monday, October 21, 2019

The Meanings of Like

The Meanings of Like The Meanings of â€Å"Like† The Meanings of â€Å"Like† By Mark Nichol What’s not to like about like? It’s a versatile word, but one easily misused and abused. Like is a preposition: â€Å"He is like me in that regard†; â€Å"Like him, I fail to see the humor.† Take care to use me and us (and, in the third person, them), rather than I and we (and they) in association with it. Like is also frequently employed as a conjunction: â€Å"Like I told you before, we’re running out of boxes†; â€Å"Like we’ve seen before, it depends on the situation†; â€Å"It looks like it’s going to rain.† However, this usage, once common, fell out of favor long ago, and it’s still considered a colloquialism that is out of place in formal writing. In each of these examples, as is the better choice. In addition, like is employed as a comparative term (â€Å"I’ve seen something like that before†) and is often seen as a substitute for â€Å"as if.† (â€Å"She looked like she might cry at any moment.†) The word has overtaken the more formal and, as explained below, slightly different usage â€Å"such as† to make comparisons: â€Å"I prefer more dynamic sports like soccer,† rather than â€Å"I prefer more dynamic sports such as soccer.† The argument against considering like and â€Å"such as† interchangeable is that â€Å"such as† suggests inclusion (soccer is one of the sports the writer prefers), whereas like implies exclusion (soccer is representative of the type of sport the writer prefers but is not one of them). However, the indiscriminate appearance of either usage and many writers, myself included, have used both in the same piece of content is ubiquitous, and the interchangeability is unlikely to change. Over the last few decades, the word has persisted as a filler, especially among young people (â€Å"I was, like, totally confused†), or again, especially among younger members of the population as a conversational substitute for said (â€Å"And he was like, ‘Go for it’†). I admit without embarrassment that although I am not young, I freely employ like in both usages when I speak. In writing, I would use them only for humorous effect. The first usage is adverbial, similar to colloquial usage like (I mean, â€Å"such as†) â€Å"It’s true, like enough† (as a substitute for likely). Other adverbial uses are as an alternative to altogether or rather (â€Å"All this time, I was calm, like†) or to about or nearly: â€Å"It’s more like a hundred dollars,† â€Å"It took, like, four hours.† (The latter usage is likely the inspiration for the use of like as an interjection.) Like serves as a noun: â€Å"I’ve never met his like since†; â€Å"I have no patience with her like.† A similar usage is â€Å"the likes of†: â€Å"I hope we’ve seen the last of the likes of him.† (The sense for the latter usage, and the one previous to that, is often pejorative.) Recently, too, it has acquired the meaning of â€Å"something one likes,† such as a social-networking Web page. And, of course, it functions as a verb, meaning â€Å"To choose or prefer,† â€Å"to enjoy, or to thrive,† â€Å"to regard,† or â€Å"to want.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme3 Types of Headings20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Dare to Be Bold

Dare to Be Bold For the last couple of months, Ive been very bold. I finally managed to shut down the part of my brain that says, Who do you think you are? and allowed myself to ask for the work I wanted and the money I deserved. Heres what I did: First, I changed the way I communicate with magazine and book editors. Up to now, I had dealt with silence from my pitches I also sent out 20 letters of introductions to various toy companies in the US and Canada to offer them content writing and translating. I underlined my expertise and strengths then tweaked my letter to match each companys style. After receiving several enthusiastic well-keep-your-name-on-file, I finally found a taker. The one major difference between the taker and the maybes? I pinpointed exactly how I could help them. Looking over their website, I noticed flaws in the content and brought it to their attention. Voil- instant interest! When asked for my rates, all of my self-doubts resurfaced, cautioning me to ask for less. I knew from past experience that if I asked for my regular rate, I risked being turned down. Then again, did I really want to cheapen myself and my work? I finally chose to keep my regular rate and replied with For this type of work, Im usually paid $X. which I felt opened the door for negotiation. It worked so well that they accepted my price. While I was busy churning out LOIs and sending out pitches and follow-ups, I unexpectedly received an offer through a former colleague to do content revision and translation for a childrens book publisher in France. This time I was offered a flat fee. Although I was extremely flattered and the project really appealed to me, the fee was quite low. After mulling it over, I took my courage in both hands and sent back a message saying that Id love to work on the project but the fee seemed a bit on the low side. Would they consider raising it? And they did! All of this might not have been possible had I not believed deep down that I possessed the qualifications and ability to do the work. In her book, Making a Living Without a Job: Winning Ways for Creating Work That You Love, Barbara J. Winter stresses the importance of working on raising our self-esteem. As she says, The link between self-esteem and successful self-bossing is so strong that it deserves to be a top priority for anyone who aspires to be joyfully jobless. Low self-esteem can affect anyone, but perhaps part-time writers even more so, especially if you introduce what you do So be bold. Go after the writing you want, keep yourself at the forefront of editors minds, ask for fair compensation, and see what happens!

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Critically document a game design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critically document a game design - Essay Example When the activity is set to be a competition where rules are set, then biking will not just be another play but becomes a game. Another essential to consider in games is the goal. There should be an objective for the player to achieve in order to make the game more entertaining and educational at the same time. Instructions & Pretense Crazy Cabbie (mindjolt.com 2010) is the computer game which this paper will be looking into, critiquing the essential elements of a game, whether it met all the requirements or not and what would make it to be a good computer game. It is an interesting game where the pretense is for the player to be a crazy cab driver whose goal is to finish a set distance within the set time. The instruction is given just below the title of the game which makes it easily seen, giving the player the important information before even starting with the game. Somehow, it also serves as a factor attracting players to notice the game. The instruction is clearly stated and ea sily understood even by first time computer game players. Though it is short, it covered all the important things needed for the player/s to know. This is a sign of a good game design. Challenges of the Game Crazy Cabbie is interesting to players because of the challenges it presents and the goal that has been set for the player to succeed in doing. Since the objective of the game is to overcome all the obstacles, which would be the other cabs the cab driver meets on the road in thirty seconds, the player is thrilled to get to the finish line on time and can even make it his personal goal to outrun all the other cabbies in a shorter time than was set. The arrow keys on the keyboard are used to move the cab with the upward arrow key used to accelerate the car and the downward arrow key to decelerate it. The right and left arrow keys on the other hand are used to move the cab to the right or left lane, respectively to avoid other cars that block the player’s car. When all the l anes are blocked, the player’s cab can jump over them through the use of the space bar. Thrill and Technique As the game progresses, more cars blocking the road are presented as obstacles, making it more difficult for the player to reach the finish line on time. The time for each level also is lessened by two seconds every after one level up which keeps the player to be more attentive and creative in maneuvering the car’s moves. The game is said to create an artificial intelligence (Adams 2010) by allowing the player to discover strategies in order to overcome all the obstacles set in the game with the use of all the available moves for the player. For instance, in cases where the three lanes are blocked by three cars on the same level, the player has no other option but to jump over them. The challenge comes when the cars are aligned side by side and in a consecutive fashion. Moreover, the circumstance becomes more challenging when the distance between the cars become s shorter, making it difficult for the player to overtake them when he misses to jump over one of the aligned cars. When the player’s car gets very near the obstacles before jumping, he is not able to have the maneuver succeed because the car needs some space for it not to bump on the other car, causing it to fall back to its original place. The trick then

Friday, October 18, 2019

Research application Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application - Research Paper Example The company undertakes services from receiving shipments from defined points to taking charge of all clearance procedures upto the delivery points. Aramex Inc (2014) provides different modes of transportation such as air-sea, air-land and supposedly sea-land depending on customer requirements. The financial statement analysis presents consolidated financial statements of Aramex Inc and its subsidiaries. Presentation of consolidated financial position and review of consolidated statement of cash flows, comprehensive income statement and balance sheet is on quarterly basis. Expenses as per the company can be categorized as under administrative expenses and operating expenses (Market Publishers, 2014). Review of financial statement includes calculation of differents financial ratios. Financial ratios based on the balance sheet focuses on current asset and current liability as shown within the company’s balance sheet. The financial ratios include Working Capital, Current Ratio and Quick Ratio (Market Publishers, 2014).. According to Aramex Inc financial statement, the current ratio for the company is 2.31 and this indicates the liquidity position of the company. Current ratio indicates the relationship existing between current assets and current liabilities. For satisfactory liquidity position the ratio should exceed 2:1, therefore there is strong liquidity position within the firm since the ratio exceeds two. However, the company gives no detail concerning Quick Ratio due to lack of detail inventory making current ratio to serve same purposes as Quick ratio. This is an indication on the fact that short-term solvency of the firm in high and eligible. The Cash Ratio for indicates soundness of the firm showing that the company currently has enough cash at hand making it possible for management to meet current obligations (Market Publishers, 2014). From the financial statement analysis, Debt management ratios include; Debt

Relations and migration of Janis Joplin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Relations and migration of Janis Joplin - Essay Example Janis Joplin went back to Texas and specifically in Port Arthur. It helped to change her lifestyle. She stopped drinking and also tried to avoid drug consumption. While, in Texas, she enrolled into Lamar University near Beaumont, Texas. In Lamar University, she was in a relationship with a man but she did not get married because the man terminated their marriage plans later. Janis Joplin agreed on a deal with Big Brother in 1966. She joined the group that by now was led by Chet Helms. Chet Helms was a promoter who meet her in Texas, but by then was managing Big brother. On June 4, 1966, she joined Big brother and was brought back to San Francisco by Chet Helms. At big brother, she made her first public performance was in San Francisco. She later went back to drugs. Stephen Ryder a friend and a keyboardist persuaded her to stop using drugs. Janis Joplin successfully managed to quit drugs once again. She then joined the band and she persuaded Dave Getz that the use of needles would not allow whenever they rehearsed. Also, they had agreed that band members would not use needles in their homes whenever she visited them. She had taken a step forward from drugs. (Johnson 5)Afterward, all the bandmates settled in Lagunitas in California. It is where the five bandmates lived communally. Janis Joplin had a relationship with the founding member of Ron McKernan, however, they remained friends afterward. On August 23, 1966, the group made an agreement with Independent Label Mainstream records.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Combine sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Combine sources - Essay Example This includes ensuring that excessive updates do not fill in the inboxes and screens of social media users. Smart usage of social media has paid dividends in form of increased sales, higher rate of turn outs and improved customer to service provider relationship. Relevance to the purpose of sales and client interest must be kept for a priority in overall process. B.B.C undertakes a study with regard to the usage of social media and it has found out that it is not just limited to commercial aspects, rather routine life social activities. One similar example came forth when in Lake District a dog went missing from its owner. An online activity through the social networking websites where the post went in the community like the jungle fire allowed for finding the pet dog. B.B.C further states that the page so set in the name of â€Å"Just Giving† had portion for collecting money for the purpose of undertaking the operation and search activities (Cumbria, 2014). It was ultimately through the Face Book that allowed for finding the dog in the same region. The rescue teams were brought into action that ultimately brought the pet dog to its

Brand management in Irelands indigenous sector Essay

Brand management in Irelands indigenous sector - Essay Example 442). Brand assets are difficult and expensive to develop, maintain, and adapt. The offering environment is cluttered, confused, and complex in part because of the proliferation of products, brands, and sub-brands. Dynamic market contexts with the emergence of new sub-categories make it necessary to adapt and stretch brands, putting additional strain on their ability to deliver the needed support. Consequently to understand the dynamics of brand management and assess whether or not they are successful in communicating the brand to consumers and whether or not those strategies enhance their brand equity, this proposal was developed. The organization of this proposal is the following. Firstly, a description of the project is presented. Secondly, the methodology is proposed. Thirdly, an approximated time schedule of research is developed. Finally, a provisional table of contents is suggested. The aim of this research is to assess whether a firm is successful in communicating the brand to consumers and whether their strategies enhance their brand equity of three Ireland companies. Consequently, the general objective is: In reference to academic relevance, this research pretends to support empirical evidence to the field of marketing metrics. The suggestion of Rust et al. (2004) about search for empirical support to the chain of marketing activities has been taken into account. With respect to managerial relevance, th... 1.3. Academic and Managerial Relevance of the Subject In reference to academic relevance, this research pretends to support empirical evidence to the field of marketing metrics. The suggestion of Rust et al. (2004) about search for empirical support to the chain of marketing activities has been taken into account. With respect to managerial relevance, this research pretends not only to tell the board that brand management contributes to the company, but also to give them the effectiveness of marketing in money terms. 2. Description of the Project 2.1. Literature Review in Short 2.1.1. Brand Management Brand Management is the best way for firms to manage their precious brand assets (Low and Fullerton 1994). Additionally, brand managers are responsible for the performance of brands as well as central coordinators of all marketing activities for their brand and responsible for developing and implementing marketing plan. Along the years the research in Brand Management has been associated with Corporate approach, Retailing, Strategies, Alliances, Brand Extension, new Research methodology approaches, Non-profit firms, International decisions, and others. One reason for studying brand arises from a strategy-based motivation to improve marketing productivity (Keller 1993). Perhaps a firm's most valuable asset for enhancing marketing productivity is the knowledge that has been created about the brand in consumers' mind from the firm's investments in previous marketing programs. What consumers know about brands is the brand knowledge. On the other hand, brand Awareness is related to the strength of the brand node or trace in

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Combine sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Combine sources - Essay Example This includes ensuring that excessive updates do not fill in the inboxes and screens of social media users. Smart usage of social media has paid dividends in form of increased sales, higher rate of turn outs and improved customer to service provider relationship. Relevance to the purpose of sales and client interest must be kept for a priority in overall process. B.B.C undertakes a study with regard to the usage of social media and it has found out that it is not just limited to commercial aspects, rather routine life social activities. One similar example came forth when in Lake District a dog went missing from its owner. An online activity through the social networking websites where the post went in the community like the jungle fire allowed for finding the pet dog. B.B.C further states that the page so set in the name of â€Å"Just Giving† had portion for collecting money for the purpose of undertaking the operation and search activities (Cumbria, 2014). It was ultimately through the Face Book that allowed for finding the dog in the same region. The rescue teams were brought into action that ultimately brought the pet dog to its

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Description of what is Typical grief noting all manifestations Essay

Description of what is Typical grief noting all manifestations - Essay Example Grief is a process of healing oneself to become a part of life after losing someone close. Bereaved comes out of it after a specific time period but it manifests in his behaviors and reactions. This paper discusses some of these manifestations. â€Å"Depersonalization is a term used to describe the experience when oneself or one’s body feels somehow strange or unreal .Derealization is the term used to describe the experience when external reality seems strange or unreal† (Davies, 2004,p.42). Lindemann (1944, as cited in Worden, 2009) explained physical sensation of a bereaved as a reaction of the loss. A sense of depersonalization is one of them. For example, a bereaved told that he walked down the street and felt everything is unreal including himself. Such reactions are taken for granted but hold an important place in grieving process (p.23). Disbelief or denial is a common manifestation of grief. It happens when bereaved is shocked by sudden or unexpected news of death or loss. According to Worden (2009), people tend to deny the fact and show mistrust by saying, it can’t happen or informer is mistaken. A widow told him that after the death of her husband, she kept waiting for someone to wake her up and tell her that she was dreaming. Another explained, despite of her husband’s long sickness, she was not quite ready for his death (p.34). Idealization is very common behavior; people idealize their lost or separated partners. Bereaved forgets about the negative characteristics or faults of deceased. Only good and loveable things are remembered without any reservation (HBM, n.d). Demonization refers to blaming enemies or evil powers for the loss. According to Worden (2009) anger, if handled in ineffective way can lead to the situation in which bereaved direct the loss towards some other person and blame him for death. They believe that the person

Stereotypes in Modern World Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes in Modern World Essay The stereotype that all is well at the time which exists in our society is one of the most stable. According to this stereotype, the average citizen of Kazakhstan should finish school no later than 18 years old, finish the university at least at the age of 30, to begin his own adult life and leave the parental care at somewhere about 22 years, to start a family and have children in the range of 25 to 35 years old, go to retirement at the age of 58 (women) and 63 (for men). According to this stereotype in Kazakhstan, the daughter should be married and go to live in the house of her husband at 25 years, and the eldest son must always live in his parents’ house even being married. The rest of children –daughters and sons – should also live their parents’ house and live separately. There is another old custom of giving the eldest child to parent for upbringing. But it is used less and less nowadays. Social clock is ticking all the time in collective unconscious in the subconscious of every person. Many women over 25 may have psychological complexes due to, for example, that they are still not married. Young people, not enrolled to study in high school, worry about that they will not have enough time to get higher education until they are 30. Maybe all this stereotypes have some biological reasons related with philosophy: the most optimal time for the first childbearing for women is the age before 30. After this age the childbearing can pass with some complications. Young parents have more chances to bring up their offspring and to see their grandchildren, and be involved in their education. And parents will not burden their adult children with the care of themselves (parents), when it’s a time for them (children) to make a career. In addition, they will be born healthier children. Scientists have shown that the older parents have more chances to have children born with Down syndrome. At last it is not very good to stay under the roof of paternal house, because it is fraught with possible conflicts of generations. But it also happens that people are pleased to break stereotypes. And then we find out in the news that the 80-year-old man became a student at the university; or that an elderly woman in retirement, because of her love to music, went to the music school to fulfill the dream of her lifetime –to learn to play the piano. Perhaps previously she had no time to do that, because she had to make a living and raise a family. More often modern Kazakh girls break stereotypes. They are not in hurry to get married and put it off to times up to 40 years, because they want to get married not for public opinion, but in case of real love. They know all the risks, but hope for the best, and often their expectations are met. If you want to know my opinion I would say that I’m strongly against any stereotypes imposed by social clock, and I think that everyone should tune this clock according to their own opinion and write the script of their lives themselves. Writer and philosopher Voltaire once said, â€Å"Best of all to do things, that in the opinion of others, you will never be able to do. And I absolutely agree with that!

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Ways to Prevent Human Trafficking | Essay

Ways to Prevent Human Trafficking | Essay Throughout the world today, a silent plague has been sweeping the nations. Although it may be more prevalent in third world countries, its presence also roams the streets of more progressive nations (Kelly, 2001). According to the Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State (2004), human trafficking is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation (para. 1). Anti-trafficking initiatives are already in place and, while this may be a step in the right direction, it cannot be denied that more needs to be done. Because human trafficking is a worldwide predicament, government and non-government organizations must strengthen their initiatives and extend these efforts to create and to implement laws that would reduce trafficking, improve the lives of the victims, and make the community more aware of this inhumane act. In relation to this, the purpose of this research paper is to provide the reader with sufficient information on the different efforts of government and non-government organizations (NGO) to abolish human trafficking. In addition, suggestions on the improvement of these existing programs are also tackled. Lastly, the goal of this paper is to raise awareness about human trafficking as an intolerable crime. In order to reach these objectives, extensive research on the causes and effects of human trafficking was done. Aside from this, the researchers also examined various anti-trafficking efforts all over the world and the needed measures for the total abolishment of human trafficking. A Heart of Steel Human trafficking clearly violates numerous human rights, particularly those pertaining to personal freedom. It can be considered a modern form of slavery because, aside from the fact that victims are bought and sold like commodities, they are subjected to forced labor that ranges from manual work in sweatshops to prostitution in brothels (Sharma, 2001). Women and children are mostly the victims of this horrendous crime. Across international borders, it has been estimated that 600,000 to 800,000 men, women, and children are trafficked, and the number is only getting higher. 70 percent of these trafficked individuals are women and 50 percent are children (Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons of the United States Department of State, 2004). On one hand, women serve as domestic workers, prostitutes, and mail-order brides to abusive employers or husbands without their full consent. Children, on the other hand, become pitiful victims of sexual exploitation and child labor. Despite receiving promises of well-paying jobs and legitimate employment from their recruiters, the victims find themselves in a constant state of abuse and helplessness under their employers (Kelly, 2001). The control their employers have over them can be attributed to two things. The first is debt bondage, wherein victims pay off the amount their employers paid for them through forced labor. They receive no pay or little pay until the money has been reimbursed. When they are able to pay it off, they are informed that they have incurred additional debts through lodging, food, and other expenses. In some cases, the victims are told that the money is being held for them or sent to their families back home (Kelly, 2001). Because they do not directly receive the money, they are unable to escape from their jobs. The second factor trapping the victims is the lack of legal documents needed in order for them to flee. Most of the victims have been transported through illegal means, including falsified documents and passports (Kelly, 2001). This makes it impossible for them to contact the authorities and to ask for help, in fear of being seen as illegal immigrants and being deported to their home country shamefully. Also, upon arrival at their destination, recruiters and employers confiscate whatever documents the victims possess and forbid them from contacting anyone, including members of their own family. Deprived of any means of escaping, they are forced to continue with their work, no matter how deplorable the conditions may be. Because of their powerlessness, they are left vulnerable to many forms of abuse (Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State, 2004). Domestic workers are prone to physical and sexual abuse. Several of them report that they have been battered, sexually assaulted, and raped (Cheung, Karlekar, De Dios, Vichit-Vadakan, Quisumbing, 1999). Prostitutes recall being verbally abused, being assaulted, and being forced to have intercourse against their will. Since they have no control over the sexual acts they will perform, they are often brutalized by their customers (Kelly, 2001). They are unable to refuse because their pimps or managers beat them up or threaten to stop sending money to their families once they do so (Sharma, 2001). In children, they are beaten up, molested, and sometimes, forced into child pornography or prostitution (Katsuma, 2001). Even after the ordeal is over, trafficked victims continue to carry scars from their horrifying experiences. Women who once worked as prostitutes end up with unwanted pregnancies or, worse, HIV/AIDS (Sharma, 2001). Aside from this, child laborers are severely malnourished and suffer from various respiratory infections and diseases as a result of exposure to toxic fumes in factories. The children have underdeveloped intellectual and mental capacities, not only because of the lack of education, but also because of exposure to an environment not fit for their age. Trafficking victims are often psychologically damaged, left with a feeling of inferiority and a low self-esteem (NGO Group for the CRC Sub-Group on Child Labour, 2002). Trafficking and the Mafia Aside from human rights violations, trafficking is a major global concern because of its contribution to the growth of international organized crime. According to Salt (as cited in Bruckert Parent, 2002), because human trafficking involves source, transit, and destination countries, it requires considerable amounts of money, connections to powerful people in many countries, and good organization, in order to be carried out successfully. Aside from this, the routes used for trafficking are the same as those used for the drug trade, and it is a known fact that the drug trade is controlled by these criminal groups. All these establish and support a link between human trafficking and international organized crime. In fact, several criminal groups have been reportedly involved in human trafficking activities. Chinese triads traffic women from Russia and the Ukraine into brothels in Macao and Hong Kong (Ovchinsky, 2007). Also, the highly notorious Russian mob smuggle women from the former Soviet Union into Israel, sometimes using them to hide weapons that they are smuggling as well (Israel- A Human Trafficking Haven, 2004). Despite these facts and reports, it remains hard for authorities to apprehend traffickers because of the clandestine nature of human trafficking itself. Even illegal recruiters who run small-scale operations in rural areas are hard to track because they can easily disguise themselves as acquaintances of the family of the victim. Also, human trafficking is made possible by political corruption. Recruiters may initiate the process, but the furtive transfer of the victims from one area to another requires some sort of conspiracy between the traffickers and certain authorities. Traffickers are known to bribe government officials in order for them to pass through the borders and for the falsified documents to be disregarded. For example, in Bosnia, local immigration officials were reported to have received free sexual services from prostitutes in brothels in exchange for deliberately ignoring the fact that these women were trafficked (Agbu, 2003). Working Things Out Actions done by governments and non-government organizations have greatly reduced trafficking and have protected those most susceptible to it (Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State, 2004). Just by beginning with rural areas to local urban communities where human trafficking is egregiously present, different government and non-government organizations (NGOs) have shown concern regarding this issue by implementing ordinances and laws to serve as a halt to the mentioned illegal deed. Both international and national laws have likewise been passed to stop human trafficking. In view of the fact that trafficking is an international social predicament, plans made by governments for protection and prevention have been well-promulgated among societies. Nevertheless, people who are of full-knowledge regarding the laws and its impact on culprits and still choose to infringe it may be punished depending on the gravity of lawbreaking. Given that children and women are surveyed to have the most number of trafficking cases, most international efforts give much attention and focus to such cases. The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children aims to establish a clearly defined international standard regarding trafficking cases (Raymond, n.d.). The United Nations (UN) provides a comprehensive account of the many challenges facing the international community and of the joint ongoing efforts to find solutions. This action by the UN (2000) towards the prevention of human trafficking upholds that effective action to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, especially women and children, requires a comprehensive international approach in the countries of origin, transit and destination that includes measures to prevent such trafficking, to punish the traffickers and to protect the victims of such trafficking, including by protecting their internationally recognized human rights (p. 2). Also, governments have implemented measures to provide for the physical, psychological, and social recovery of trafficked women and children, including, in appropriate cases, the cooperation of NGOs, other relevant organizations, and other elements of civil society. An example of the aforementioned organizations includes the International Labour Convention (ILO). The ILO recognizes the newly approved law of Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act or RA 9231. This law eliminates the worst forms of child labor such as slavery, prostitution and pornography, drug trafficking, and any work that is hazardous to the health and safety of children. By any violation to this law, a person will automatically be imprisoned, the length of time depending on how grave the trafficking act is (Establishments employing children warned, 2005). At the present time, most third-world countries implement a kind of judicial reform that would allow victims to demand strong penalties for the traffickers-enough to provide deterrence to an extremely profitable criminal activity. The Anti-Human Trafficking Law of the Philippines allows victims to take action against traffickers. Basically, this law not only provides the right for victims to decide on how grave the chastisement they want the traffickers to go through, but also the assistance, recovery, and rehabilitation of trafficked victims from their traumatic experience under these criminals. This way, the Anti-Human Trafficking Law does not only reduce the number of trafficking cases, but also alleviates the pain caused by this crime to its victims (Solidarity Philippines Australia Network, 2003). A Victims Plea International and local groups have been established to specifically combat human trafficking. Different governments and NGOs have come up with departments that can help stop human trafficking. In the Philippines, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) launched a National Family Violence Prevention Program where families are informed about the rights of women and children as well as the necessary actions to protect them. To prevent trafficking in children, social workers have been posted at the airports to monitor the travel of children abroad. As to NGOs, GABRIELA, which is the national alliance of womens organizations in the Philippines, is actively involved in massive awareness campaigns to prevent the trafficking of women and girls from the country along with the National Commission on the Role of the Filipino Women (NCRFW) who has been aggressively advocating policies and programs to stop trafficking in women and children, foremost of which is the enactment of a n anti-trafficking bill into law (Espada, 2003). In addition to that, an anti-human trafficking confederacy such as the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women works with international policymakers and human rights advocates to promote womens rights and to stop human trafficking (Kelly, 2001). In this case, laws and ordinances do not only cover local communities nor nations as a whole, but also includes international or world-wide policymaking. With the help of the UN and other global federations, a basic notion of equity in terms of policies and laws can be implemented among nations. Moreover, under local cases, the Visayan Forum Foundation raises awareness about trafficking in the Philippines and provides halfway houses for trafficked victims (Odronia, 2008). Awareness about the effects of trafficking among its victims and the consequences that traffickers may go through is a vital aspect for the organization. Averting an Unambiguous Malfeasance Because human trafficking in not yet completely abolished, there is a need to improve existing programs and to create new ones that are more efficient and comprehensive. Kelly (2001) asserts that, since human trafficking is a major global concern, there is a need to develop a legal framework with appropriate penalties, which provides redress for all the ways in which traffickers and exploiters violate womens human rights and is effective in prosecuting these crimes (p. 35). Furthermore, she stresses the need to improve on current anti-human trafficking initiatives, suggesting that, including measures directed at the young men who recruità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and daring to target demand, at home and abroad, would be a radical and welcome step (p.35). The government should also see to it that the criminals involved in these crimes get the right punishment. There have been incidences wherein the government has turned a blind eye to these issues, therefore making the existing laws ineffectual. Despite the existence of laws, trafficking remains widespread particularly because of the corruption and the indifference of government officials (Sharma, 2001). A single policy will not be able to solve the problem entirely, but it will greatly contribute to the solution. In addition, combating problems such as crime, poverty, migration, labor, mental health, and law enforcement, should also be part of anti-trafficking initiatives, as these problems are related to and often lead to trafficking (Sharma, 2001). By addressing these issues and finding solutions to them, there would be a lesser need for people to resort to illegal means such as human trafficking. Awareness vs. Oblivion Bringing awareness to the people about anti-human trafficking initiatives should also be one of the main concerns of these government and non-government organizations. As Sharma (2001) stated, public awareness campaigns are imperative to bring issues of sexual trafficking before the public in order to stimulate community based support (p. 49). It is important to a society to have citizen cooperation because without this, more people become vulnerable to becoming victims of these illegal and degrading crimes. Traffickers capitalize on their victims ignorance and desperation to get out of poverty. As a matter of fact, poverty is the leading cause of human trafficking. Because of poverty, people are deprived of the essential education that they need to acquire jobs (Cheung, Karlekar, De Dios, Vichit-Vadakan, Quisumbing, 1999). These people end up considering illegal options, and human trafficking is one of them. This does not just pertain to the victims, but the traffickers themselves. They take advantage of those people who are willing to work and deceive them with false promises of legitimate employment. The victims, seeing no other alternative and completely unaware of the possible consequences, succumb to the lures of migration and find themselves in forced labor or slavery-like conditions (Kelly, 2001). Because of this, local governments, especially in rural areas, should educate the citizens on how to recognize human trafficking and what to do when faced with such an ordeal as they cannot be proactive if they are not well-informed about the situation (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, n.d.). This can be done through various forms of media such as infomercials, documentaries, print media, and the like. These forms of media can serve to inform the viewers about the telltale signs of human trafficking and to promulgate existing laws in order to deal with the increasing number of human trafficking cases. As a matter of fact, various NGOs and other groups have utilized the media in order to spread vital information about human trafficking. The Save the Children organization has worked with networks for the broadcasting of television segments containing hotline numbers of various anti-trafficking organizations (Anti-Sex Trafficking Organization, 2005). Under local cases, the Phil ippine Overseas Employment Agency has released an anti-trafficking infomercial airing on local TV networks (United States Department of State, 2007). Aside from this, the different anti-human trafficking campaigns should have full support and cooperation from the government in order for them to be as effective and well-spread as possible (Kelly, 2001). These campaigns are mostly needed in more rural areas of a country since most of the victims come from these areas. As stated earlier, these people are usually desperate to get out of poverty that they do not know the true nature of this horrendous felony. Hand in Hand: A Conclusion The eradication of human trafficking cannot be done overnight. Even the toughest anti-trafficking legislation will be ineffective without the support it needs. This is why programs by both government and non-government organizations call for global cooperation and local participation in order for the complete abolishment of human trafficking to be achieved (United Nations Population Fund, n.d.). Human trafficking is an issue that needs to be addressed because, aside from the fact that it perpetuates crime all over the world, it severely damages the lives of its innocent victims. Measures to reduce trafficking have been taken by governments and non-government organizations, and these include the creation of both international and national anti-trafficking laws and programs for the prevention of trafficking and rehabilitation of trafficking victims. However, it is evident that more needs to be done. Aside from having more aggressive campaigns against human trafficking, raising awareness for prevention should be at the forefront of all anti-trafficking initiatives. With an activity as clandestine and as lucrative as human trafficking, it may appear that the battle cannot be won. Initiatives taken to eradicate trafficking have only been successful in reducing it. However, in the 19th century, slavery was abolished worldwide. If it has been done once, then surely it can be done again. With the needed support from the international and national level, the dream of abolishing trafficking may soon be realized. Effects of IPods on Childhood | Annotated Bibliography Effects of IPods on Childhood | Annotated Bibliography Are iPads healthy or poisonous apples in early childhood? Have we ever thought there was too much technology at early years? In the past few years, technology has developed rapidly. Electronic devices have been applied everywhere. Since the launch of iPad in 2010, it has become increasingly popular in early-years learning. Nowadays in early age, children are more accessible to the iPad devices than ever before. Parents are buying them for their children and allowing them to use freely. They consider iPad as their â€Å"electronic nanny† which engages the child throughout, allowing parents more free time for themselves. They believed that iPad is not only harmless but also function as an educator to their children, pushing their technological intelligence to the next level. As a teacher, I am often asked by the parents to recommend some educational apps, which could help their children learn at home. In my opinion, the existence of latest mass communication media symbolizes the rapid advancement of our modern world. This breakthrough enhances the convenience of sharing and searching information amongst the children. Media exposure enriches their knowledge in terms of life quality. However, the British leading psychologist Dr. Aric Sigman indicated ‘‘Children should be banned from using computers until they are 9 years old because the early use of technology is destroying the development of their intelligence.’’ (2010, British Dailymail) Furthermore, the recent report of Singman’s relevant research pointed that using electronic equipment for long period of time would affect children’s attention as well as their social skills. In addition, a child who watches the popular 3D movies frequently would affect his/her perspective development. Based on Sigman’s view, I have the urge to read more literatures, and thus explore the impact of technology usage on children in early years. Annotated Bibliography Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3),  265-299. doi:10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03 Bandura promoted the concept of â€Å"social cognitive theories†. In this article, it focuses on discussing the increasing role of the media and the effects of modeling. He indicates that behaviour can be learned via social prompts, and values are learned through human modeling behaviour. Bandura’s theoretical structure describes how observational learning including direct pathway and socially meditated pathway that influence extensive behaviour changes. Bandura puts a lot of effort of developing social cognition study and has published many books and journal articles about this theory. This article links social cognition theory with the roles of electronic media and mass communication, gives us an in-depth understanding of how children change their behaviour based on the models of others. Media has strong impact in the learning of social roles and responsibilities. Cicconi, M. (2014). Vygotsky meets technology: A reinvention of collaboration in the early  childhood mathematics classroom. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(1), 57-65.  doi:10.1007/s10643-013-0582-9 This journal article examines the implications of Vygotsky’s social learning theory in the early- childhood classroom. The findings suggest that the use of educational technology increases children’s confidence and willingness to share their knowledge, fostering communication and collaboration in learning mathematics. The author discusses the use of three web-based tools, Voke, VoiceThread, and Vodcasts, which engage children with great enthusiasm, and empowering them of all abilities. The research also indicates that children, who armed with instructional technology, the amount of interaction, collaboration and scaffolding are increased. As an educator, the author stresses that the practical instructional technology demonstrates positive impact in learning where children could collaborate effectively. Elliott-Hall, G. (2013). Learning together with iPads. Every Child, 19 (4), 22-23. In this article, Giulia Hall gives an overview of how iPads enrich the learning environment and enhance children’s learning. She states the importance of using iPads to support young children and meeting their learning needs. With iPads, the selection of learning activities is mainly focus on literacy and numeracy. In order to function it well, teacher should develop rules for children by following instructions while using iPads in class. Hall also describes the advantages of using iPads. They are: documenting children’s learning, keeping track on children’s learning progress, developing independence of individual learning and promoting interaction by grouping kids in pairs and using iPads as a positive reinforcer to reward for positive and on-task behaviour. In summary, Hall indicates that iPads helps provide more guidance and modeling in a small group setting, children’s experience with digital technologies enable them to interact, share ideas and create new things. Haddon, L. (2013). Mobile media and children. Mobile Media Communication, 1(1), 89-95.  doi:10.1177/2050157912459504 This article examines a range of research issues with regards to children and digital devices. They are 1.Children’s screen time. There is a growing trend that children spend more time in screen activities; 2. The need for establishing rules of children’s use of technology devices in different social spaces; 3. Challenges of handling the increment of technological options, in terms of age and social norms; 4. The impact on children’s cognitive development; 5. Problems that associate with parental involvement and the difficulties of monitoring, such as bedroom privacy; 6.The potential growth of new logistical challenges, including problems with picking children up in the car; 7. The possession of digital devices within peer groups. All these issues were discussed in various contexts with different cultural perspective towards children and adolescents. McCarthy, C. (2014). Should babies and toddlers use iPads? Harvard Health Publications.  Harvard Commentaries on Health. This article discusses the impact of traditional screen devices towards toddlers in terms of interaction and creativity. It also made contrast between traditional devices and iPads. The author stresses the ideal activity for toddlers is to involve active and exploratory play together with adult, displaying a sense of human touch. Toddlers sitting long time in front of a screen leads to problem with attention. Children imitating TV program with high level of violence can make them more aggressive. In comparison between iPads and traditional screen devices, the former has the quality of better than play toys, more interactive and at the same time tailor to children’s age and learning needs. The author advises that old fashioned play is better than an iPad for children’s development, the amount of time for children to play iPad should not exceed an hour a day. In addition, parents can refer to the reviews on the selected Apps and determine its level of suitability for thei r children and interact with them. Sigman, A. (2012). Time for a view on screen time. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 97(11),  935. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302196 The author indicates that watching screen media is the main leisure of children in this computer age. Children nowadays spent high amount of time on all sorts of screen devices. It has become part of their lives. Undesirable information affects children’s cognitive development. Prolong usage of view screen media contributes to personal health risk, lacking physical activities. Children who watch television and consume food affect its duration of consumption, as it extends beyond the usual time of watching. Body fat mass increment is largely affected by continuous hours of TV watching. Depriving physical activities result in unfavorable health condition. Extensive computer games addiction causes subsequent attention problems and in childhood and even late adolescence stage. Children, who spent more time watching television or using computer exhibit higher level of psychological and emotional difficulties, Social skills diminish as more new technologies skills are acquired. A reduction in screen exposure significantly elevates improvement in child health and development. The impact of uncontrolled and unscreened media that are made available to the children is generally unhealthy life styles. Sherman, T. M. Kurshan, B. L. (2005). Constructing learning: Using technology to support teaching for understanding. Learning Leading with Technology, 32(5), 10-39. In this journal article Sheman and Kurshan advocates that online mass communication allows students and adults to work together from apart effectively solving specific problems under their umbrella of advance technology. It is a tool where students can utilize and maximize their learning capability even from home. Technology is considered as multiple platforms for social interactions. Through network learning platform, students and teachers could discuss questions in different locations, which enables students to express their thoughts as well as expanding their understanding. Technology-based activities not only develop students’ intelligence but also facilitating their collaboration of problem solving. Sherman and Kurshan conclude that through organised interaction, it becomes another form of social activities. Stein, M. T. (2011). The effects of media use in children. Journal Watch. Pediatrics Adolescent  Medicine, doi:10.1056/PA201112280000002 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) conducted a research on media exposure in early childhood, and its effect on children and adolescents in 2011. In the process of the survey, children under the age of 2 denote that 90% of children watch media, such as television and videos. At age 3, 30%of children have televisions in their room, which drastically affects their sleep pattern. Over exposure to TV affects their speech expression, a drop in their executive function and attention problems. Delayed sleep, obesity and fatigue results from over exposure of TV watching are unhealthy practices. Parental intervention, guidance and discussion with their children are necessary to handle their emotions and social behaviour. This article provides strong evidence of supported data in terms of the children’s behaviour in the presence of long duration media exposure. Suazo-Garcia, B., Attewell, P. A., Battle, J. (2003). Computers and young children: Social  benefit or social problem? Social Forces, 82(1), 277-296. doi:10.1353/sof.2003.0075 This research involves school-age children and examines the correlates of time spent at home with computers. It reviews the popular topic of whether computing promotes or reduces young children’s cognitive skills, well-being aspects and learning development. It indicates that computers rob away some normal experiences, such as outdoor activities and social interaction time with peers or other adults. Most children rely largely on playing computer games and stay away from pure educational programs and activities. It reflects on a decline in participating social networks and tends to be more of a loner. The research also reveals that computer integration should be implemented into classroom teaching as many school works are done via computer. Heavy usage of home computers for eight or more hours weekly is linked to less time on physical activities. Furthermore, long term sitting can cause vision problem and bad posture problem. This article highlights on the importance of reduci ng time spent on home computer. Wood, E., Specht, J., Willoughby, T., Mueller, J. (2008). Integrating computer technology in early childhood education environments: Issues raised by early childhood educators. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 54(2), 210. This study explores the issues faced by the educators with regard to the integration of technology in early childhood education environment. It addresses different perspectives of the children, parents and the educators through the survey responses. Educator pointed that computers is not age-appropriate for very young children, it limits their social interaction with peers and the engagement of social problem-solving. Through the group discussions, they revealed their concerns about the potential loss of traditional educational formats, such as hands-on learning experiences. However, they did acknowledge that computers are the useful learning tool for older children, as it allows children to share information and learn independently. This article discusses the role of computers and provides a better understanding to parents and early childhood educators. Conclusion: Technology is a double sided sword, it has its advantages and disadvantages. Its application depends largely on the integrity of the user. For instance, iPads are like cars and the iPad user are like the drivers. Many accidents are caused by reckless drivers, the problem lies in the mentality and the skills of the driver, rather than the function of the car. As our children are innocent, dependent and vulnerable, parental guidance and engagement is crucial at this junction. Constant monitoring and interaction with the children’s engagement with their iPad is of utmost importance. Parents and teachers involvement in constructive learning with the children, results in more closely monitored in their engaging activities. Establishing rules, controlled timing on iPads usage and careful selection of suitable Apps are the key settings towards healthy learning environment. It promotes their mental and social development in a positive way. We can simply say that a healthy apple is attained when the above mentioned criteria are met.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Essay --

The Benefits of Synthetic Meat By Jordon Ham Lake Michigan College Synthetic meat is one of the worlds most recent scientific uprises. This changes the way the world consumes our daily need for meat. If there is a way to cut down on the processing of livestock, it would save money, animals, and we would never have a fear of running out of food or catching a disease. This new way of making meat can bring a new outlook at the world’s meat. With the benefits to in vitro meat, or cultured meat, it could become more popular.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In price, cultured meat is cheaper. In 2010, the simple high in total savings was $243,240. (N. Fiala) This doesn’t seem like much but the first â€Å"steak† was made in 2003 at Harvard University. In 2008, PETA offered a $1 million prize to the first company to bring lab-grown chicken meat to consumers by 2012.(Levine) It is projected that in the years 2010-2020 the savings will jump to $2,432,400.(N. Fiala) This jump is just because the growth of the cultured meat. In the prediction for 2010-2030 the savings would be $4,864,800 and 2010-2040 estimated to be $7,297,200. (N. Fiala) This is a huge saving in just the production in meat. There is a down side to cultured meat. If they were to go with in vitro meat the farmer that raise the cows for the conventional meat would lose their jobs. This would cost the government to pay for them until they find a new job. Also, if you think that the prices for the lab equipment is high and the supplies need for synthe tic meat, but the prices for livestock are almost as high. They have to pay for the feed for the animals and the time and space for them to roam. If they do not treat them right and pay for these things the right way, they could be... ...Mejia. N.p., 28 Apr. 2008. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. . Levine, Ketzel (2008-05-20), Lab-Grown Meat a Reality, But Who Will Eat It?, National Public Radio, retrieved 2010-01-10 Meat, Future. "Cultured Meat; manufacturing of meat products through "tissue-engineering" technology." Future Meat. N.p., 1 Sept. 2013. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. . N. Fiala. (2010). â€Å"The Value of Cultured Meat:An Estimate of the Externality Costs of Meat Consumption†New Harvest. (Online Article).http://www.new-harvest.org/img/files/fiala_2010.pdf Notaro, Kris. "The Crusade for a Cultured Alternative to Animal Meat: An Interview with Nicholas Genovese, PhD PETA." IEET. PETA, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. .